Ernsthausen

 

By: David Alan-Peter Witte.

 

The placement of the village of Ernsthausen (Ernesthaza) was historically documented by the former larger

settlement of "Vidaegyhaz" with a famous abbey. The settlement was destroyed by the Turks in the 1500’s.

Ernsthausen was founded and settled from 1790-1835 and each ruling country changed the towns’ name. The

community of Ernesthaza is part of the Gross-Beckerek district in the Torontal administrative area. Its forms a

rectangle with a single through street and three cross streets.

 

After the Proceedings of the Parish council that was sent out by Kiss-Maria with their friendly rule, (endorsement)

particularly with what of their representative was completed, the settlement/colonization contract could be

signed in Gross-Becskerek in the 15 September 1821, and the development of a settlement plan then began. It states

in the settlement contract that the benevolent founder of this community, who has designated himself by name to

have to good fortune, Herr Ernest de Ellemer und Ittbe wishes nothing more ardently than to awaken the

prosperity of this, his planting.

 

The settlement contract, concluded between the monorial estate and the settlers, was based on a thirty year lease

agreement (PACHVERTRAG); the community would have eighty complete residences, a meeting house and twenty

cottager sites. The number of cottager sites were raised to thirty-six after signing the lease agreement. To a

completed residence was included 24 jochs (Jock/yoke is an old land measurement) of farmland broken into 8 jochs

of winter pasture, 8 yokes of summer pasture and 8 jocks of fallow land; in addition 6 yokes of meadow and 3 yokes

of pasture land. A tithe was to have been paid amounting to Metzen ( a dry measure, especially for grain) and eight

Metzen of oats or Kurkuruz. The privileges of liquor-licenses, selling of meat, fishery, mill-tax, hunting,

Ziegelschlag and other crown regalia remained an exclusive right of the rulers .

 

The cottagers, in contrast, got only a half yoke of house ground and one yoke of pasture land. Every dweller also

got a half Joch(about 1.383 acres Austria-Hungary or about .631 acres Prussia) wine and herb garden. The

tenant of a whole session had to pay a rental of 29 Guldens and 30 Kreuzer per year but the cottager had to

pay one Gulden per year.

 

Already one year after the 1822 transferred property the meadows and pastures in the valley were exchanged for

arable land. Because e of this they were not suppose to pay the tithe but only a rental of 70 Kruezer per session or

a total of 30 Gulden. Furthermore, because of this additional assigned arable land they were ordered to

supply three reapers free of charge for the rulers of the territory instead of one reaper. All the other regulations of

the settlement contract remained unchanged. According to the contract the settlers were under obligation, after each

session and without any payment in return, to work on two Joch of the lordly land with their own tools or animals, to

bring in the harvest and to bring the cleaned grain either into the lordly warehouse or to transport it to the shore of

the Theiss River.

 

 

 

The Hungarian parliament decided to abolish the system of cultivating land rights in Hungary in the new liberal

constitution of April 1848. In accordance with article IX, that the cultivators of the land got the right of full property

of their homesteads and their lands. The article of law did not apply to Kontraktualisten, to whom also the inhabitants

of Ernesthaza were belonging, because their relationship to the rulership over land was not based on the legal order

of the Living State, that was abolished by the new constitution, but based on agreements by contract. At the

next meeting of the Hungarian parliament, it was planned to make a definite settlement of the affairs of the

cultivators. However, in the fall of 1848 the Hungarian Revolution broke out and the discussion of the new

constitution was never held

 

The neighboring communities are Katalinfalva to the north, Neuzina and Szarcsa to the east, Botos to the south, and

Lazarfeld to the west. The settlers of Ernesthaza were Germans of the Roman Catholic faith. In respect regarding

and the parochial affiliation of these they belonged to the nearest parish of Szarcsa. The parishes in Szarcsa were:

The community of Ernesthaza was founded in the year 1822. Preparatory work was probably done as early as

autumn 1821, but the buildings were erected during the course of the year 1822. During the construction of the

first building, several finds indicated the earlier human occupation. When in 1823 Berhard Kleisinger built stables

on his block, he found a smithy complete with tools. In 1834, Paul Wendling found in his vineyard a copper medal

with an image of St. Nicholas and the cross of Jesus. Furthermore, various and other excavations brought to the

light Roman coins and also human remains, all proof that the people lived there and had to escape the Turks. It

could never be determined where these inhabitants came from.. I am assuming that some of them must have

migrated to there from the first settlements in southern Hungary but it must be noted that residents’ names such

as Heh, Kaip, Remillong, Valeri, Mayer, Degol, etc. did not exist in those districts. The remaining settlers moved to

Ernsthausen from the surrounds districts and the Obertoronta: from Larzafeld, Zsigmondfalva, Katalinfalva,

Stefasnfeld, Heufeld, Truebswetter, Gottob, Stamora, Klein-Beckskerek, etc.

 

 

 

The written agreement for settlement of the area was executed on the 15th of September 1821. That was shortly

before the start of the fall planting season, and since it took time to do the planning and surveying required for a

new community, especially one as lovely as Ernesthaza would turn out to be. I can only assume that the colonists

who were already committed to the settlement must have initially been allotted only a few acres of farmland apiece

to plant the wheat necessary for their bread.

 

In late autumn the dried tobacco was sorted according to color and size, bound into bundles, and delivered when

directed to the official in Gross-Betschkerek who represented the tobacco monopoly. There the tobacco

was appraised, categorized (class 1 through 8), and paid for on the spot. The quantity that had already been

diverted for the black market purposes brought nearly……..

 

In the year 1831 the appearance in the villages of Ernsthausen, Sarzca, Botos, Neusin, as well as the entire

country an unknown outbreak of cholera. Many people died of the illness: many children lost their parents, many

parents survived their children. Even entire families died out. Ernste und letzte Seite eines Verzeichnisses,das die

namen der schuldner aus einer Versteigerung des Vermoegens von Waisenkindern, deren Eltern 1831 an

der Cholera starben, enthaelt. Without fear for his own safety, Pastor Gyoery administered the last sacraments.

He remained with the sick in the hour of their death. Eventually he became infected as well and died of the

terrible illness at the age of 33. His old school friend Andreas Dulik, the Chaplain of Neu-Besenova, came to

his deathbed. He remained, was initially appointed as administrator and later as Pastor of the church in

Ernsthausen. As did his predecessor, Pastor Dulik labored for the benefit of the faithful after 14 years and was buried

in the East churchyard, where Pastor Gyoery rests as well. IN 1843 the

 

Cholera epidemic returned. The first case was reported on 27 August and lasted until 9 October in which 123 people

died in that time interval. The Cholera returned in 1846 1849, 1866,1873,1883 and again in 1893 with diminished

intensity.

 

In the Spring of 1887 the rulership of Itebes kenderes had offered a six year lease to the municipality of

Ernsthausen over its property of the fields, meadows and Hunttung, that was situated in the immediate surrounds. A

representative of the town accepted this offer during their meeting, which was organized on May 16, 1887, and

leased the total property for six consecutive years for an annual rent in Shillings of 2,500 Fl. As the cattle of the

municipality had increased very much, this lease came at a convenient time. Also the municipal treasury had a

benefit from it, because the agricultural fields and meadows were subleased every year and thus important

earning flew in. The town later bought a part of the leased fields.

 

Presently in the late 1990s it is name is Banatski Despotovac. In Hungarian the name is Ern ohaza. Neusin

is the German Name of the City were Mathias Furo was born and in Yugoslavian it is spelled Neuzina, and in

Hungarian Nezseny

 

The mood in the village was very congenial. Neighbors very seldom had disputes. Sometimes, the young men

became involved in fisticuffs; however, these were seldom taken seriously since they were usually foolish acts. The

people of Ernsthausen and Sartcha were content with their lots. As soon as the children finished school, they

had to go to work . Those who had no work at home apprenticed to learn a profession, or went to work for

someone else. Sundays were for church; in the afternoon and evening there were dances that the parents also

attended. The men (fathers) played cards in an adjoining room where they also wet their whistles. The women

(mothers) sat around the dance hall and watched to see who was dancing with whom. There was a lot of singing,

and if a good, new book appeared, it made the rounds of many households. A lot of crafts were done-crocheting,

knitting, etc. From a certain age the girls wore long skirts, and under these, several petticoats which were hand

embroidered. It was a lovely fashion then and looking back at the pictures you can see that the boys were also nicely

dressed and formal.

 

The people of Ernsthausen and the local villages never ventured far from their homes. The town’s people were

happy and satisfied in their town, but on occasion, on holidays, they would visit relatives in neighboring villages.

Everyone looked forward to Sundays - the women and children went to church, and the men walked with them;

however more often then not, they ended up drinking beer or local drinks at a pub where they bowled or played

Hungarian or German Card Games. Then in the afternoons during Sunday. Dances were held. It was not

proper during this time for a boy and girl to do any type of dating or visiting each other unless they were at the dance

dancing with each other. Let me back up for a second. The weekly dance (Tanz gehen) was held at the

Wirthause in Ernsthausen. The girls would be chaperoned by their mothers and could then talk among the girls but

once the dancing begin then the boys could pick out a girl and talk to her while they were dancing. During this time

the boys also would be talking to their friends  The houses of Ernsthausen, Neusin, Klek, Sartcha,

Johanisfeld, and Sigmundfeld and other towns in Banat were generally built in a square checkerboard pattern with

the Catholic Church and surrounding square in the center of town. Each village, however, had slightly different

designs for the decorative finishes on the buildings, and the differences are still visible on the buildings that are left

standing in the area villages.

 

The houses were built perpendicular to the street, and consisted of a series of adjoining rooms, with a sitting

room or parlor at the end of the building closest to the street, and small out building at the rear of the home for

their sheep, goats, horses. In the rear area of the property the backyards might have contained pigs, chickens,

ducks, and geese, cows and Mathias Furo also had horses. Each backyard also had a small vegetable garden

that would grow the needed produce for Spring, Summer, and Early autumn meals. In the Winter months the family

would eat the canned vegetable and fruits that the women of the house had canned during late summer and early

fall. The ground was packed down very tightly from the road to the cobblestone sidewalks, so that not even a

blade or grass or weed could grow. My grand Aunt Mary Furo Berg, remembered that the women on the street took

turns weekly scrubbing down the sidewalks in front of each home to make them clean and sparkle. Many of the

homes had long covered porches that extended the full length of the house. The Swabians/Hungarians were

known for keeping their houses and gardens clean and maintained.

 

A fence surrounded each houseplot and the courtyard within the fence contained grapevines, fruit trees and the

household garden. Every year a whitewash compound was placed on the building using everyone in the family to

help . According to the Banat newsgroup the term for this process was geweisselt. The streets in the village were

wide, and were used as pathways for the community activities such as a baptism, wedding and funeral

processions. Cattle were also led down the street to the common pasture in the surrounding area of the village.

 

 

 

Ernsthausen Population and Religion Growth from 1823-1922

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Year     Rom. Cath    Orth    Protes    Reform    Jewish

_____________________________________________________

 

1822        783

 

1833        1142          21

 

1843        1282          32

 

1853        1224          29        5            1            2

 

1863        1580           0         9

 

1873        1488         27

 

1889        1583         59

 

1900       1763

 

1922       2132          17         1

 

 

 

Mathias Furo came into this world on 15 April 1860 in Neuzina, Torontal Country-Austria-Hungary. He stayed

and worked in Neuzina working in the fields along the side of his father and mother until they died in 1878. At a time

of no work in Neuzina and no other family he left to gain an apprentice job and to travel throughout the area looking

for a job and a home. He traveled to Zagreb for a short time and worked on the National railroad that was being

built from Subjoitic to Zagred.

 

After a few years of traveling Mathias Furo went to a village 7 km to the northwest name of Ernsthausen

(German) to be a peasant worker in the fields. While new in this town he started to court a young girl Margaret HEH.

Her brothers tried to stop this interest of Mathias with their sister because he had no money or land to be exchanged

for the girl. Margaret father was no longer living so Mathias went to her Margaret’s mother- Mrs.

HEH-Krutsch, to ask permission for the marriage of her daughter. According to stories, The second widowed

HEH-Krutsch said that Margaret’s brothers had no influence on which their sister was going to marry.

 

MARRIAGE:

 

Margaret HEH was born in ERSTHAUSEN - Austria-Hungary on 25 November 1861 and was married

to Mathias Furo in 1884. Mathias and Margaret had seven Children and three of them later moved to the United States before 1915. The children were: Elizabeth, Peter, Frank, Mary, Kate, Eva and Nicholas.

 

---PETER born 10 MAY 1887 he went to school until age 9, then started to work in the fields and

neighboring towns. Peter learned how to speak Hungarian and German while growing up in Ernsthausen.

Peter was very shy and quite in the old country and never mixed well with the girls in the village since he was working from sunrise to sunset at any early age.  He moved to the United States after fleeing the mandatory conscription into the Hungarian army in the fall of 1906/1907 and fled to the United States following his cousins.

 

---Elizabeth-born 1885 worked for a priest in his rectory and church. Cleaning and straightening and

cooking for him and on the way out of the fields one-day she was struck by lightning and died in 1904.

 

---Frank -born 7 July 1889 died 16 August 1962-Chicago, IL married Elisabeth Merle in Sartcha. Elizabeth was born in 1898

 

---Mary-born 2 FEB. 1891 Married Joseph Berg in Chicago . They had two children-Anna was born October 17, 1913 and Mary Ann who was born in May 1921. According to the fourteenth Census of the United States in 1920 the Bergs.-Joseph and Mary and Anna were living in Crestline, Ohio. Joseph Berg was 32 years of age and had arrived in the United States in 1905 in Pennsylvania.. The Census indicated that he was from Hungary just like his wife Mary was. Anna was born in Illinois not Crestline, Ohio. . Joseph Berg worked in Crestline in a Pump factory and Mary stayed home with the child. The Bergs on Crestview Street one street to the West of the Heh’s. Anna married Curt Parsons and they had one son: Richard Parson who was born on June 5, 1942 and then Mary Ann and Warren Gale had two children. Wayne born on June 5,1946 and Lorraine born on September 8,1952 and the Parsons and the Gales reside in California. Mary live in Chicago on Bryn Mauw Place until she needed care from her children and then she moved to California where she died and then was buried in Chicago, Ill next to her husband who proceeded her .

 

---Kate-born 15 SEPT. 1893. Married Mathias Tessling and had one children Frank in 1921 who died during WWII as a solider either for the Germany military or the Yugoslavian military. Kate died in the Rudolfsgnad Lager 1944-1945 along with 35,000 other people from the surrounding area. Mathias died of being fed poison at Kathreinfeld in 1944. See picture of Katharina Furo Tessling, her husband and son taken in 1938. Mathias

came from a Family in Ernsthausen, which had lived in the village for over 75 years. Mathias was one of six children: Barbara, Katharina, Maria, Michael, And Franz

 

---EVA-born 1895 and died in 1905 from a seizure that caused convulsion which died

 

---Nickolas died at birth due to blood poisoning. The midwife cut the cord to short with a unclean knife. Nicholas lived by three days.

 

Family Lineage Line for the Heh Family including Sub category provided by Marilyn Heh.

 

Caspar Heh married Zina Frank in 1854

 

Zina Frank Heh later marries Theodor Krutsch

 

Children: Margaret Heh born 1861

 

Peter Heh born 1858

 

Nickolaus born 1856

 

Maria

 

Margaret Heh marries Mathias Furo in 1886

 

Children: Elizabeth 1885

 

Peter 1887

 

Frank 1889

 

Maria 1891

 

Katharina 1893

 

Eva 1895

 

Nicolas 1897

 

Peter Furo married Katharina Dekold

 

Children: Magdalena 1915

 

Catharine Matilda 1919

 

Rosemary Catherine 1929

 

 

 

Back now to Ernsthausen

 

House Description: The house that the family lived in had only three rooms. In the back of the house there was a

bedroom, then a kitchen (which was also the living quarters and the dinning room was in the middle of the

house and the front room also contained two beds. The house had 5 beds. When Peter was born the house was

not quite finished yet. The roof of the house was not on but soon after the house roof was raised in July. Margaret

was staying at her grandmother’s house while the roof was being placed onto the house.

 

The house like most houses in the viallage was built of sod (mud) had was painted or whitewashed each autumn

when the Kirchweihfest was held. The ceiling in the house was also built from sod. With a strong ceiling, wheat, corn,

barley were also stored in the attic. Sticks were put in the chimney in the attic to hang sausages to be smoked from

4-6 weeks

 

The second wide Heh Krutsch would also tend the garden while watching the children so that Margaret and Mathias

could work but tending the garden was a very large responsibility still since the home gardens included grapes

for eating and wine production, vegetable and fruits such as peaches, apricots, corn, melons, and tomatoes.

 

Mathias would hire his services out every season to work in the fields so he could earn a living. This entailed

planting, weeding, and harvesting the crops. The workers would get paid in wheat, corn, soap, and ten guldens per

season. Crops were grown in the fields surrounding the village of Ernsthausen ( See Map of Town) the specialty

crops grown in this area were sugar beets, tobacco, and hemp. The other crops that the peasants would tend and

grow were wheat, corn and alfalfa. The farmers also kept horses, cattle, pigs and chickens and geese.

 

Once the children started school, the parents and the local villagers would make sure that their children went until the

were 12 years old, they went to the Serbian Hungarian school. In Ernsthausen and other small villages the

schools were built in close proximity to the church Which was difficult for the children in the town because most of

them spoke German not Hungarian or Serbia. After going to school for six years or less, the children would leave

school and go to work. The boys would hire themselves out in the fields or lay bricks for sidewalks, help set

building or roads. The young girls ( age 10 + )would work in the fields watching children or to be a ditchmadl for

families in other towns.

 

Chart-NUMBERS OF HOMES IN THE CITY OF ERNSTHAUSEN

---------------------------------------------------

Year      # of Homes

1822       120

1860       140

1870       175

1880       184

1890       248

1900       305

1910       416

1930       467

1944       561

 

While the children were growing up, the second widowed grandmother HEH - Krutsch moved in with Mathias &

Margarete and their family because Mrs. HEH- Krutsch sons and grandsons would not let her join their household.

So, since Mathias owed his marriage to his grandmother-in-law, she was always welcomed into his

house . Margaret was able to go out into the fields and work also while grandmother Krutsch would watch the

children at Home. Grandmother Krutsch died in 1894 with the following children still at home: Peter-age 7,

Elizabeth-age 9, Frank-age 5, Mary-age 3, and Katherine (Kate)-age 1

 

GOKOWA LAGER

 

In the workers part of the camp the people were given in the morning only a small piece of cornmeal bred as big as

the palm of your hand. Once had to decide to eat it all at once or to save small pieces of it for the rest of the day.

This was the only time we were feed unless a member of the International Red Cross was coming for a visit. The

little children under the age of 6 and people to old to work were given the same amount of corn meal every two or

three days. In the camps no child under the age of three survived.

 

Rudolfgsnad, Subotica, and other camps the young working boys would leave the camps at night and forge

the surrounding fields and barns looking for food. Kaspar Dekold tells the story of tunneling under the barbed wire

fence at night to steal potatoes and other foods from the Serbian workers and if they were caught they would be

beaten. After being beaten they would be placed in cellars filled with water with rats and other vermin and feces and

have to stay like that for days if not weeks. The guards were Partisians, Russian, and Mongolians. Many were

able to sustain life by stealing food and also escaping from the camp at night and risk their lives. They begged for

food from local SERBS or HUNGARIANS, former neighbors who were sympathetic and compassionate

people. Had these people not been so daring to risk their lives, no one would have survived the camps.

 

Many of the people where taken to Russia to work in the field, coal and ore mines as forced laborers. Over eighty

percent never returned. some infants and young children were taken to Russia to be adopted and absorbed into the

Russian society to punish the men and women of Banat and all Volkdeutsch. The women were raped and sold for

their services to make the soldiers and the men back in Russia to have a stock of girls to breed (girls ranging from

12-16). As soon as the Partisans had taken over a town they would select young Danube Swabian women (age 15

and up), preferably blondes who were from that village or town and were taken to a compound at Pancevo across

from Belgrade. There they were kept like caged animals to satisfy the sexual lusts of Tito’s elite troops. The inevitable

happened’ they all had gotten infected with syphilis. To prevent it from spreading, the local army commander

ordered the remaining 150 women to be taken to a remote pasture. There the women were forced to strip, and were

shot to death. The reason why they had to take off their clothes was that the Partisans intended to sell them on the

black market. In Yugoslavia at the time used clothing was at a premium, but would not be salable if riddled with bullet

holes and blood

 

In between the houses in the camps where the people slept (remember 20 people per room -- 60 to 80 people per

house) would be a grave house. A grave house was a house that would have nine to ten layers of bodies piled in

it, covered by twenty to thirty centimeters of earth. People were always buried at night, usually inside the main room

of a house, so local farmers would not be frightened of the partisans, Their LIBERATORS. One woman I spoke to

said that the guards would get her and a few other women up during the night and all the women were given spears

and bags of lime. We were instructed to walk over into the grave house in our barefeet and to stab our spears into

the earth. Then we each had to put lime into each hole. She remembered that with each step she took it was like

standing on a bowl of jelly.

 

Less than thirty percent of the our people who were still alive when world public opinion finally forced the

Yugoslavs to end the camp system in 1949. By 1950 the Red Cross determined that over 30,000 children from the

Ethnic Germans/Hungarians were still alive in state homes or in Russian, but with few or incorrect papers. The

Yugoslavs not wanting to give up THEIR children either destroyed the papers on the children or changed the

children’s names to Slavic or Serbian/Croatian names. In 1951, the Yugoslav government told the families that

without an original birth certificate, type in Serbian, they where powerless to help. How many people would have

had birth certificates after six or seven years of camps, on the run, or settled in different countries?

 

As the Russians moved into the Banat province, the Serbs and Partisans use our ‘forced’ association with the SS

division as an excuse to expropriate and destroy us. They moved everyone out. The men were separated from the

women. The women, including Margaret Furo and Kate Tessling, were taken to Rudolfsgnad, Yugoslavia, which

was an internment camp in which Germs were relocated. To get everyone there every woman had to walk, but the

aged or disable or the sick were able to ride on a wagon part of the way. The women were put into camps with

40-60 women to a room. That room was filled with straw to lie on, and human waste filled the rooms. Living conditions

were very poor and over 90,000 were killed there between l944 and l950. As the women would die the Yugoslavians

would come in and throw the bodies into the muddy streets. Whenever they would get enough bodies to bury,

they dug a large hole and had a mass grave. This is where Margaret Furo and Kate Tessling died and were

buried.

 

The men from Ernsthausen (30 to 40) were taken to Katrinfeld where they were asked what types of jobs they

wanted to do as prisoners. After choosing work the Yugoslavians fed the men a large meal. During the night,

the men started getting sick to their stomachs, and in the morning 36 of the 40 men who had eaten the food were

dead from deliberate poisoning. This is where Mathais Tessling died. At the Trefen that David Witte attended in

the spring of 1997, David met a man Michael Antis who was in the same room and besides Mathias Tessling on

the night of the poisoning. He remembers the night very well and remembers that he gave some of his food to a

hungry and sick Mathias and then in the morning finding Mathias dead next to him.

 

The present day habitants (Serbo-Croatians and Dalmatians) despise the memory of the German speaking

Catholics. When the Russians moved into the area the Catholic Church in Ernsthausen was destroyed (see

picture) and so was the government office that had the birth, marriage, and the land records for the area.

 

After l950 the Catholic cemetery was leveled and the headstones were used to fill holes in the muddy streets.

The place that the cemetery was located is now a parking lot, While Joe Furo was in Ernsthausen a few years back

he saw that the Furo’s house was being torn down. Every four years since the first Treffen was held in Linz, Austria

the residents and their families’ get together to see each other and to remember the good and the bad times.

Reunions have been held in Linz in 1948 and 1952 and then in Ulm, Germany in 1956 then back to Linz and then onward to

Barackenlager and the last few in Spaichingen which is in the Danube Swabian. The following provided very

valuable help and remembered the Furo’s and the Heh’s while living in Ernsthausen: Antis, Mulršth, Friedlein

Tessling, and the Remolling families. Carl Remolling visited with Mathias Tessling and Kate and grew up with

Frank Tessling and remembers being with and in Mathias’s Furo home on various occasions he lived just

down the street.

 

Customs and traditions

 

Christmas: The Christmas that we celebrate today is completely different than the way my grandfather, Peter Furo, celebrated in his youth. Only the godparents gave their godchildren gifts. There was usually an orange, apple, hard candy, and the girls were given a gingerbread doll, and the boys a wooden horse. The children would receive their gifts after going to church.

 

Outhouse: The Furo’s in Ernsthausen never had any type of outhouse or bathroom facilities, so they use the manure pile in the back of the house.

 

House: The house that the family lived in was made out of compressed mud, then apply pressure to the mud, then take off the frame and move on to the next sections. At first the roofs in the town were covered with bamboo shoots, but since fires in houses were very common; the law said, “all roofs must be covered with ceramic tiles”. (See picture)

 

Winters: The winters in Ernsthausen were like the ones in St. Louis or Chicago, cold and snowy during the winter months.

 

 

 

 

 

In researching the Furo’s family, four familial characteristics have continued to arise:

 

1. Boys are usually shy.

 

2. Very hard to show emotion.

 

3. They are hard to get along with, but they were

 

always fair.

 

4. They are very stubborn.

 

 

 

 

 

This section has covered the beginning of the Furo-Heh family to the death of the father, Mathais Furo and the mother, Margarete Heh. The later chapters will deal mainly with the Furo-Dekold and then the Rosemary Furo and Edwin Witte, Jr.

generation. Since the recording is primarily for and about the David A. Witte branch of the family, I shall go into a slight detail regarding to the occupations and families of the other branches of the family.

 

At this time David is trying to CONTACT as many relatives and Descendants of Mathias Furo and Margarete Heh to finish this compilation of history, stories, people to unite the Furo and Dekold family as possible. The strength of a mighty oak is not from the strong branches and the mighty leaves that everyone sees but rather from the strength of the root structure and the core of the small sapling inside that has grown into the mighty oak.